Top Ten Must-Visit Attractions in Zhangjiajie: 2013 Latest Edition [Essential]

Number One: Tianmen Cave. Tianmen Cave is the world's highest natural karst cave piercing a mountain. In the sixth year of Yong'an of the Wu Kingdom (263 AD), the cliff of Songliang Mountain suddenly opened, revealing a gateway to the sky. The King of Wu deemed it auspicious and renamed the mountain Tianmen Mountain. Tianmen Cave runs north-south through the mountain, 131.5 meters high, 57 meters wide, and 60 meters deep, towering against the sky.

This article is compiled from the original travel notes on the "Zhangjiajie Tour Guide Network" (33519.com); it is a record of trips from earlier years. Time-sensitive information such as ticket prices, schedules, and accommodation prices is subject to the latest announcements from scenic areas and transportation authorities; the itinerary ideas and attraction introductions still have reference value.

First: Tianmen Cave

Tianmen Cave is the world's highest natural karst cave that pierces through a mountain. In the sixth year of Yong'an of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period (263 AD), the cliff of Songliang Mountain suddenly opened into a cave, bright and clear like a gate. The King of Wu regarded it as an auspicious sign and accordingly renamed the mountain Tianmen Mountain, and established Tianmen Commandery below it. Tianmen Cave runs through from north to south, with a height of 131.5 meters, a width of 57 meters, and a depth of 60 meters. It rises from the ground and leans against the sky, like a gateway to heaven. This magnificent sight has attracted emperors, officials, reclusive sages, eminent monks, Taoist priests, and literati of past dynasties to visit and admire it. Through generations of accumulation, it has formed the unique and profound "Heaven Culture" of Tianmen Mountain. "Tianmen Spitting Mist" and "Tianmen Rosy Clouds" are praised as rare wonders in the world.

Introduction to Tianmen Cave

Location and Origin

Located 8 kilometers south of the city, it is a solitary mesa-shaped mountain with cliffs on all four sides. It is one of the earliest famous mountains in Zhangjiajie to be recorded in historical documents, and was called Songliang Mountain during the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the sixth year of Yong'an of the Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period (264 AD), the cliff of Songliang Mountain opened in the middle, with a cave running through from north to south, bright and clear like a gate. Emperor Jing of Wu considered this an auspicious sign, so he renamed it Tianmen Mountain and specially established Tianmen Commandery for it. Tianmen Mountain has an elevation of 1,517.9 meters, with a summit area of 2 square kilometers. On the eastern cliff of the main peak there is a giant karst cave, running through from north to south and transparent like a gate. This cave is called Tianmen Cave, and Tianmen Mountain is named after it.

Tianmen Mountain borders Bijia Mountain to the east and commands Qixing Mountain to the west. Sixteen peaks surround it on both sides, stretching for dozens of miles like a natural barrier. As for the wonder of Tianmen, the ancients praised it: "The finest scenery of Yongding lies in the single mountain of Tianmen." That is why people today call Tianmen Mountain the soul of Wuling. At the foot of Tianmen Mountain, the Lishui River developed and cut through the valley below, creating an enormous height difference between the high mountain and the valley—within 10 kilometers, the elevation difference exceeds 1,300 meters, creating Tianmen Mountain's majestic presence as a solitary towering peak that stands alone in the sky. Because few people have set foot on Tianmen Mountain, its forests are lush, making it an ideal habitat for wildlife. The main animals include sika deer, macaques, wild boars, foxes, goats, rice monkeys, unicorns, pangolins, and dozens of other species. Among them, the rice monkey, which is small and good at jumping and only three or four inches tall, and the unicorn, which resembles a small yellow ox, are particularly rare. Tianmen Mountain Temple has a long history and was a place of seclusion for famous scholars of past dynasties. Even today there are many cultural relics and historic sites on the mountain, such as temples, ancient sites, and stone inscriptions. Although they have endured the vicissitudes of time, they have taken on a new look while retaining their old appearance, and still offer visitors a chance to explore the past. The main scenic spots of Tianmen Mountain include Xiandong, Tianmen Cave, Tiancao Waterfall, Tianmen Mountain Temple, Yunmeng Summit, and more than 10 other sites.

Tourism Resources

Tianmen Mountain was called Songliang Mountain in ancient times. In the sixth year of Yong'an of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period (263 AD), the mountain's cliff suddenly opened into a cave, bright and clear like a gate, forming the world wonder rarely seen to this day—Tianmen Cave. Emperor Sun Xiu of Wu considered this an auspicious sign, so he changed Songliang Mountain to Tianmen Mountain.

Tianmen Cave is the most representative scenic spot of Tianmen Mountain. It is located in the upper-middle part of the mountain body at an elevation of 1,300 meters, with a height of 131.5 meters, a width of 57 meters, and a depth of 60 meters. It is the world's highest natural karst cave that pierces through a mountain.

Tianmen Cave opens from north to south on a sheer cliff thousands of feet high, soaring upward to the sky, with ever-changing atmospheric conditions. Like a bright mirror or a heavenly gate inlaid in the vast sky, it swallows white clouds and exhales purple mist all year round, heightening an atmosphere of mystery and making it appear even more ethereal and transcendent. As the saying goes, it captures all the creative power of heaven and earth and conceals all the mysteries of the universe, becoming an enigma unsolved through the ages—searched for and sought after, yet ultimately unfathomable. Standing within it is like entering the celestial palace and imperial pavilion, giving one the feeling of "I wish to ride the clouds and fly away as an immortal, straight into the ninth heaven to grasp the universe." The famous Yuan Dynasty poet Zhang Dui once praised it thus: "When Tianmen Cave opens, the clouds and air flow through; even the Emei of Jiangdong is inferior." Its majestic momentum can be seen from this.

Tianmen Cave Scenery

For more than 1,700 years, this peerless wonder has attracted countless visitors who flock to it. Especially in 1999, when world stunt flying masters piloted aircraft through Tianmen Cave, it caused a global sensation, with as many as 800 million viewers watching the live broadcast.

On bright early mornings or evenings, standing at the place outside Tianmen Cave where clouds and sky meet, one may occasionally witness a celestial spectacle: seven-colored rosy clouds streaming out through the cave, purple air soaring to the sky, encircling the peaks and mist, like Buddha's light shining over the earth and auspiciousness descending upon the world. "In ancient times, a local saw rosy clouds emerging from Yunmeng, with purple air swirling, filling the opened cave and overflowing to the sky, and regarded it as auspicious, prostrating themselves in reverence." This is a specific description of the Tianmen rosy clouds. There is even a legend recorded that seventy or eighty years ago, standing at the South Pier by the river in Zhangjiajie's city area, one could clearly see the majestic and spectacular Tianmen Cave. But today, from the same spot, one can only see the mountain without the cave. To view this magnificent sight, one must go to Dayong Bridge four kilometers away. This is one of the six mysteries of Tianmen—the mystery of "Tianmen Turning," which has cast a layer of mysterious aura and color over Tianmen Cave.

There is another wonder: inside Tianmen Cave, raindrops always drift through the air in all four seasons. This is the legendary "Plum Blossom Rain" of Tianmen Cave. These raindrops are cool and sweet, a symbol of good fortune. It is said that whoever catches forty-eight drops of Plum Blossom Rain with their mouth can become an immortal.

Evaluations by Others

Because Tianmen Mountain is the highest peak in Zhangjiajie and the cultural holy site of Zhangjiajie, it has been "revered as the first sacred mountain of Xiangxi" from ancient times to the present. It is the Buddhist center of the Xiangxi region, and Tianmen Cave is the only gateway to heaven. Crossing the "Tianmen Threshold" and passing through Tianmen Cave leads directly to paradise. It captures the creative power of heaven and earth and receives the spiritual energy of all things. It is said that whenever heaven and earth cycle through yin and yang, many hardships befall the human world. At such times, people would come here to worship facing heaven, praying to the heavens for blessings. In 1997, the famous Chinese singer Li Na attained sudden enlightenment about the true meaning of life here, and later shaved her head and became a nun. This shows that Tianmen Cave encompasses the sanctity of the immortals of paradise and the piety of mortal believers. It is a celestial realm in the human world that must not be defiled. Therefore, the process of ascending to Tianmen Cave is a process of step-by-step ascent directly to the heavenly court, embodying the clarity and tranquility of a life lived freely.

Another important scenic spot in the Tianmen Cave opening area is the Stairway to Heaven. Whenever before or after rain, when moisture is abundant, the wind and clouds surge at Tianmen Cave, and the rising mist swirls like a white giant dragon coiling and flying inside and outside the cave, forming the unique and spectacular "Tianmen Spitting Mist." At such times, the 999 steps of the Stairway to Heaven are entirely shrouded in mist and clouds, full of celestial atmosphere. Therefore, the Stairway to Heaven is also called "Hanging Ladder in Floating Mist," and is one of the "Ten Scenes of Tianmen."

Other Related Information

The Stairway to Heaven is not only a path to reach Tianmen, but also a spiritual place for making wishes and praying for blessings. In front of it is the Tianmen Altar, which is specifically used for burning incense and worshipping heaven, gathering the spiritual energy and blessings of all the gods of heaven and earth. In ancient times, it was a place where believers had to pay homage. The Stairway to Heaven has five gentle sections and four steep sections, corresponding to the meaning of nine and nine, revealing the truth that the path of life has its ups and downs, and one can only achieve success after enduring hardships. There are five platforms on the left and right sides of the Stairway to Heaven, respectively named "Surplus," "Harmony," "Longevity," "Blue Clouds," and "Wish-Fulfillment," representing wealth, joy, longevity, prosperity, and blessing respectively. According to the "Book of Jin: Geography Record," when devout people prayed for blessings and honor, before climbing the Stairway to Heaven they had to burn the "Five Flavors Grass of the Human World" as a breath connecting to the gods. The "five flavors" here refer to the five flavors of life: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and salty. The "Five Flavors Grass of the Human World" is what folk tradition calls the incense burned when worshipping gods. Incense is the only gateway for communication between humans and gods, so "when the vessel is in accord, one enters the gateway." This is the devout expression of climbing to heaven to pray for blessings, and it will help you fulfill your most beautiful wishes.

China's Highest Natural "Tianmen Cave"

Thirty kilometers south of the scenic pearl Zhangjiajie, and 8 kilometers from the southern suburbs of Zhangjiajie's Yongding District, stands a towering mountain at an elevation of 1,518 meters called Tianmen Mountain. Compared with Mount Heng of the Southern Sacred Mountain at 2,228 meters, it is a mesa-shaped solitary mountain standing in the air, long known by the elegant title of the Soul of Wuling. The summit is flat and horizontal, covering an area of 1 square kilometer. On the eastern part of the mountain, on a cliff at an elevation of 1,265 meters, there is a naturally formed giant karst cave that runs through from north to south, 132 meters high, 37 meters wide, and 30 meters deep, brilliant and clear like a gate. Tianmen Mountain is named after it.

In 263 AD, the sixth year of Yong'an of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms period, King Sun Xiu of Wu saw its towering majesty and majestic grandeur, and divided Wuling Commandery to establish Tianmen Commandery. From then on, the name of Tianmen was known far and wide and renowned through the ages. Around Tianmen Cave cluster 16 peaks including Danzao, Laoseng, Yuhu, Yutang, Jinkui, Bijia, Jiangjun, Jiangan, Qiyuan, Nuya, Yuandian, Tianmu, Fuer, Boji, Jilong, and Gaoyuan. Among them are also inlaid 16 cave dwellings including Lei, Dian, Feng, Yun, Ni, She, Gui, Zushi, Yuhuang, Guigu, Guolao, Xuantian, Heshan, Qiuer, Zhonggu, and Laolong, winding humorously among them, adding mystery and beauty to Tianmen Mountain's grandeur. The clear-flowing Li River frequently reflects the mountain's image, the broad and level fields spread out for it like a green carpet, the luxuriant forests adorn its base and summit, light clouds and thin mist serve as its tall crown and rosy sash, and the morning glow and evening light dye it in slanting red attire. With the alternation of the four seasons, it is green in spring, emerald in summer, golden in autumn, and white in winter, presenting infinite transformations. The ecosystem of Tianmen Mountain adds new charm to the wonder of Tianmen Cave.

It is said that the Tianmen Cave opening area has the Stairway to Heaven. There is a Stairway to Heaven with 999 steps!

Legend of Tianmen Cave

(One)

On the ancient land of China, there is a great mountain leading from the human world to the fairyland paradise, the soul of the Wuling Mountains—Tianmen Mountain. You only need to climb the 999 stone steps from the foot of Tianmen Mountain to reach the gateway to the fairyland—Tianmen Cave. The massive cave opening is large enough for modern people to fly aircraft through it. It is the world's highest natural karst cave. The formation of Tianmen Cave predates by more than 500 years the stone-born eldest disciple Sun Wukong whom Tang Sanzang took on when he went to fetch the scriptures (the cave was formed in 263 AD). It was formed when a large rock in Tianmen Mountain, having absorbed the spiritual energy of heaven and earth, burst open into a cave. From then on, whenever a great figure of the human world passed away, on Tianmen Mountain, whether under a clear sky or a sky full of stars, there would instantly be lightning and thunder, wind and rain, as if Tianmen Cave were shedding tears, pouring down in torrents... The tears cascaded down the cliff like a waterfall, and seen from afar, it was like the Milky Way of heaven descending upon the nine provinces. This phenomenon remains unexplained to this day!

(Two)

Within Tianmen Cave, there is a threshold lying across it. At both ends of the threshold, a spiritual beast—the qilin (one of the four celestial creatures)—stands guard. The qilin (or alternatively the celestial mouse-deer or celestial qilin) has a single auspicious horn, a body covered in scales, and is resplendent in gold and jade. The qilin is the embodiment of justice and righteousness, and is also a symbol of wealth and good fortune. After you have climbed the 999 stone steps, the qilin will smile kindly in welcome. When you cross the threshold, it is as if you have gone through layer upon layer of difficulties in life and entered the land of humanity's dreams—that is, the fairyland of heaven, the paradise beyond the world—and you get to experience the immortal life where one day in heaven equals one year on earth. When you look down and see the vast human world, with farming and weaving, you feel carefree and joyful. Therefore, the ancients also said:

On Tianmen Mountain there is Tianmen Cave, and Tianmen Cave spans the Tianmen Threshold.

Heaven and the human world are separated by the threshold; if you wish to go to the fairyland, cross the threshold.

A life free of worries and full of happiness, as joyful as an immortal.

The "Five Wonders" of Tianmen Cave

Overview

On the main peak of Tianmen Mountain in Zhangjiajie Tianmen Mountain National Forest Park, there is a massive cave—this is the world-famous Tianmen Cave. In 1999, pilots from six countries—Russia, the United States, Hungary, Kazakhstan, the Czech Republic, and Lithuania—flew their aircraft through this cave, setting a Guinness World Record.

The origins of Tianmen Cave are profound and mysterious, and its history has been full of twists and turns. Legend has it that long, long ago, an explosion rang out in the sky, colorful auspicious clouds spread in splendor, and the mountain suddenly opened into a cave. The thunderous voice of the Jade Emperor was heard asking: "What do you want?" All who witnessed this could kneel on the ground and ask for whatever they needed. A local folk rhyme goes: "A thousand keys and ten thousand locks, open the Heavenly Gate and bear a hundred fruits."

Exactly when Tianmen Cave opened has been recorded in many historical accounts, with differing opinions. Mr. Chen Ziwen, a scholar in Zhangjiajie with outstanding achievements in local historical and cultural research, believes that Tianmen had already formed by 48 AD. After nearly 2,000 years of changes, it has taken on its present majestic and spectacular appearance.

The Five Wonders of Tianmen Cave

Wonder One

Majestic and towering. The Qing dynasty poet Wang Zirui wrote: "Push open the stone gate, and it is but five feet from heaven." Tianmen Cave is 131.1 meters high, 30 meters wide, and 37 meters deep. It can accommodate 300 people and could house a 16-story building. In the Qing dynasty, a county magistrate named Li Jin stood in Yongding Guard City and looked out, seeing only that "the rocky cavern half swallows the clear night moon; the mountain's bend forever harbors clouds beyond the sky." At that moment, Tianmen Cave had swallowed half the moon.

Wonder Two

Open and luminous. The peaks before and behind the cave entrance are all quite low, and only this mountain stands supreme. The cave is open and bright, with nothing but leisurely white clouds and a vast blue sky—not a speck of dust. This provided perfect conditions for the aircraft that flew through the cave in 1999.

Wonder Three

Plum-blossom rain falls every day. Who would believe, without having visited Tianmen Cave, that on the stone walls at the top of the cave, day and night, all year round, a "plum-blossom rain" drips and patters down? It is said that if you open your mouth and catch forty-eight drops, you can become an immortal. Where does this plum-blossom rain come from? It remains a mystery. It has drawn many scholars and scientists to investigate.

Wonder Four

Green bamboo hangs upside down from the cave ceiling. On the southern eaves of the cave ceiling grow lush but not tall green bamboos, with roots like coiled dragons and leaves like clusters of willow, hanging down in rows like curtains and whistling in the wind. They are commonly known as dragon bamboo. The Ming dynasty poet Zhang Yanghao praised them in verse: "The mountain spreads its wild screen far down to earth; the wind wields heaven's broom to sweep the clouds empty."

Wonder Five

Ever-changing wind and clouds. At the entrance of Tianmen Cave on a clear day, thin clouds lightly veil the scene and mist idly lingers—all is calm. But on cloudy and rainy days, the clouds rage and the mist seethes, churning like a boiling sea, striking the stone walls with a rustling sound. Cold wind blows skyward with eerie howls, as if dragons were soaring and serpents dancing, making one's hair stand on end. After the rain first clears, clouds and mist seal the cave tightly, and Tianmen hides itself completely—even its position cannot be determined. A local Qing dynasty prodigy, Qin Jin'ou, paired it with the spectacle of the red sun at Tankou and wrote a couplet: "At Tankou there is a gap that the red sun fills; Tianmen has no lock, sealed by white clouds."

Tianmen Cave, with its Five Wonders, endows Tianmen Mountain with vibrant vitality. If Tianmen Mountain is the soul of Wuling, then Tianmen Cave is the soul of Tianmen Mountain.

The Mystery of Tianmen Cave's Shifting Orientation

Seventy or eighty years ago, standing at the South Pier by the river in downtown Zhangjiajie, one could clearly see the majestic and spectacular Tianmen Cave. Today, from the same spot, one can only see the mountain but not the cave. To view this magnificent sight, one must now go to Dayong Bridge, four kilometers away.

As Tianmen Cave quietly shifts its angle, it also conceals profound heavenly mysteries, always presenting auspicious omens. The direction it faces is always feng shui–favorable, bringing prosperity and success. Seventy or eighty years ago, the South Pier was the most prosperous area of Zhangjiajie, and today the Dayong Bridge that Tianmen Cave faces is likewise a

golden treasure spot that merchants vie for. At the same time, it interprets the mystery of nature's cycle of fortune, adding yet another layer of mystery to Tianmen Cave and endowing it with auspicious symbolism.

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Second: Tianmen Mountain Cableway

The Tianmen Mountain Cableway is the world's longest high-mountain passenger cableway, located at Tianmen Mountain in Zhangjiajie. It has a total of 98 cabins and 57 cableway supports (including 3 rescue supports), all using original equipment imported from the French company POMA. The cableway has a total length of 7,454 meters and a height difference of 1,277 meters, making it one of the few cableways in China with a height difference exceeding one thousand meters. The local gradient between the middle station and the upper station reaches as high as 37 degrees, which is rare in the world. It is the cableway with the largest local gradient in China and also the one with the most supports.

Overview

The Zhangjiajie Tianmen Mountain Cableway is the world's longest sightseeing passenger cableway. The inclined length of the cableway line is 7,455 meters, and a one-way trip takes about 28 minutes. The Tianmen Mountain Cableway integrates the world's most advanced passenger cableway technology. It has a total of 57 supports, including 3 horizontal rescue supports. The supports are domestically produced, while the main equipment is supplied by the French company POMA. The cableway steel rope comes from France, and the 98 gondolas come from the Swiss company CWA, with each costing as much as 200,000 RMB. The tensioning system of the cableway's haul rope uses hydraulic tensioning, with one intermediate drive station. It is the world's longest single-line circulating detachable grip gondola-type cableway. The cabin body is 2 meters high, and each costs as much as 200,000 RMB. The cableway steel rope is of type 6 × 36WS, with a diameter of 50.5 millimeters and a weight of 10 kilograms per meter. The cable spacing is 6.2 meters, and the cableway operating speed is 6 meters per second, running in a clock

wise direction. The spacing between every two gondolas is 172.8 meters, with a time interval of 28.8 seconds. The one-way capacity is 1,000 people per hour, and the maximum climbing angle is 38.6 degrees, which is rare in the world.

Tianmen Mountain Cableway and ticket prices: Adult ticket: 258 RMB per ticket

Length

The inclined length of the cableway line is 7,455 meters, and the horizontal height difference between the upper and lower stations is 1,279 meters. It is the world's longest single-line circulating detachable grip gondola-type cableway. Of its 98 gondolas, which come from the Swiss company CWA, the doors are 2 meters high, and each costs as much as 200,000 RMB. In particular, its designed operating speed of 6 meters per second, one-way capacity of 1,000 people per hour, and maximum gradient of 38 degrees are rare in China and indeed the world. Among the 57 supports, 3 rescue supports have been specially added, used to immediately carry out "horizontal rescue" or "vertical rescue" plans to safely bring tourists to the ground if the cableway suddenly becomes fully paralyzed. In addition, the cableway station buildings are all equipped with lightning protection devices. This is currently the most complete and advanced rescue system among cableways in the world.

Safety

The Tianmen Mountain Cableway project was initiated in May 1999. Cableway companies from five countries—Austria, France, Switzerland, Italy, and Japan—came to Tianmen Mountain for inspection. Finally, based on the actual conditions of Tianmen Mountain and the requirements of the National Cableway Safety Center, a contract was signed with the French company MOPA in Tianjin on March 17, 2001. The entire construction lasted more than two years, from the groundbreaking ceremony on January 15, 2003, to operation in August 2005, at a cost of 220 million RMB. Except for the supports, which were produced in Tianjin, China, the entire set of equipment was imported from abroad according to European standards. The entire construction strictly followed the safety process of "commissioning—self-inspection—operational inspection—safety inspection." Because the mountains along the cableway are steep, precipitous, and extraordinary, and the geology and landforms are complex and varied, the construction difficulty far exceeded the ordinary, and the entire construction process was extremely arduous. The Tianmen Mountain Cableway not only embodies the wisdom and sweat of all Chinese and foreign construction personnel, but also integrates the most advanced scientific and technological achievements of contemporary cableway engineering. It can be called a miracle and a milestone in contemporary cableway engineering construction.

Considering that the cableway ride takes a relatively long time and that tourists need ventilation in high temperatures, each gondola is specially designed with two ventilation windows to create air convection. This humanized design is the only one of its kind in China. The cableway steel rope comes from France, with a diameter of 50.1 mm and a weight of 10 kg per meter, ensuring tourists' safety without worry.

The biggest highlight of the Tianmen Mountain Cableway is the design of its slope-facing supports. These supports have a total of 96 compression wheels and 16 support wheels. They integrate the most advanced theories and achievements of modern physics, modern engineering, and modern manufacturing, and apply the world's most advanced cableway technology, giving this section of the cableway an overall feeling of stirring grandeur and soaring momentum.

Stations

The Tianmen Mountain Cableway has three stations: lower, middle, and upper. The lower station covers an area of 11,140 square meters, with a ground elevation of 165.80 meters. It is a return and tensioning station and also the station for loading tourists. Its design fully embodies modern design inspiration—magnificent and imposing, transparent and elegant. The curved rooftops of the annex buildings on both sides are like a pair of wings soaring into the sky. The entire station uses white and green as its basic color scheme, symbolizing white clouds and nature. The middle station has a building area of 3,230 square meters and is the power drive station; it does not provide boarding or alighting for tourists. The upper station has a ground elevation of 1,438.56 meters. It is also a return and tensioning station, covering an area of 1,973 square meters.

The Tianmen Mountain Cableway starts from the City Garden in the center of Zhangjiajie and goes directly to the primitive sky garden at the top of Tianmen Mountain. It is like a rainbow spanning "the human world" and "the heavens," and also like a giant dragon soaring through the white clouds and vast sky, clinging to the mountain and walls, rising straight up to the sky, stirring the heart and magnificent in grandeur. It has become one of the "Four Great Wonders" of the Tianmen Mountain Scenic Area, adding yet another peerless wonder to Zhangjiajie, a world-class scenic spot.

Introduction to Tianmen Mountain

Tianmen Mountain Cableway The main peak of Tianmen Mountain is 1,518.6 meters above sea level, the highest mountain in Zhangjiajie. It stands towering at the edge of Zhangjiajie's urban area, like a natural painted screen of Zhangjiajie. It has become the most representative landmark landscape of Zhangjiajie and also the city's most distinctive and charming urban landmark, fully displaying the wonder and majestic grandeur of Zhangjiajie's mountains and waters. Moreover, because Tianmen Mountain is the earliest famous mountain in Zhangjiajie to be recorded in historical annals, and also the famous mountain with the deepest cultural accumulation in the Zhangjiajie area, its religious culture has a long history, there are countless legends of eminent recluses, and the mysterious folk tales are well known to every household locally. Tianmen Mountain occupies an important position in Zhangjiajie's historical development and local cultural composition. Therefore, Tianmen Mountain is hailed as the soul of Zhangjiajie's culture, the soul of its spirit, and the symbol of the essence of its mountains and waters.

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Third: Tianmen Fox Fairy

Large-scale live landscape musical "Tianmen Fox Fairy — New Liu Hai Chops Firewood" at the Tianmen Mountain Canyon Theater

Introduction to the Tianmen Mountain Canyon Theater:

Lofty Tianmen Mountain, vast Tianmen Cave. Within the majestic and precipitous Wuling Mountains lies a canyon 5 kilometers long with an elevation difference of over 1,000 meters. The canyon is carpeted with fragrant grass, with murmuring streams, and mist often spills from within the valley, like a real-life Peach Blossom Spring.

The main stage of "Tianmen Fox Fairy — New Liu Hai Chops Firewood" blends seamlessly with these fantastic peaks, the canyon, the forest, and the cascading waterfalls, together forming a grand high-mountain canyon stage several kilometers deep, with both its width and elevation difference exceeding a thousand meters — the only one of its kind in the world!

The central stage of the show is built above the stream valley; viewed from afar, it is like an ancient fallen tree floating on the trickling stream, perfectly merging with the surrounding natural rocks. The stage covers a total area of 10,000 square meters, making it not only the largest performance stage in the world today, but also one entirely designed in fiberglass-reinforced plastic; under the lighting it glows throughout and shifts in color, creating scene after scene of astonishing fantasy.

The mortal world of curling kitchen smoke is built along the mountain slope: more than 10 authentic Tujia wooden houses, with black tiles, carved small windows, wooden railings around the houses, and strings of corn and chili peppers, forming a contiguous village settlement with distinctive Xiangxi characteristics. All the wooden houses are made of special materials, and at night they can change color at will with the lighting, presenting a dazzling variety. In the distance, the terraced fields, wooden bridges, and waterwheels echo the village from afar.

Plot introduction:

There is a kind of love: born for you; there is a kind of vow: to follow in life and death;

There is a kind of faith: true love knows no bounds; there is a kind of persistence: charming and enchanting for you alone

As night falls and the moon rises, the towering and magical Tianmen Mountain slowly unfolds like a natural screen, transforming into another kind of fantastical splendor. Music sounds, mist and smoke swirl among the fantastic peaks, waterfalls and springs surge through the canyon, flowers, grass, and trees dance gracefully, and 100 Tujia maidens in full silver ornaments sing like sounds of nature in the lively and nimble natural world, telling the love story that the clear breeze has carried for thousands upon thousands of years:

At the foot of Tianmen Mountain, purple mist rises in the dense forest, and the King of Ten Thousand Foxes begins to choose his consort; countless bewitching foxes take the stage, their swaying figures displaying every kind of charm. Meanwhile, the white fox who has cultivated for a thousand years in the mountains now transforms into a holy and pure maiden, stepping gracefully out from the slowly rising full moon. With bright eyes and white teeth, a slender waist and graceful bearing; her dancing is exquisite, floating as if divine. The cold and aloof Fox King is instantly deeply captivated and presents her with a pearl symbolizing royal power. On the other side, in the Tujia mountain village, the men labor, the women tend the fire, the woodcutter sings mountain songs, and the maidens wash clothes by the river. The simple and happy mortal life stirs boundless yearning in the White Fox Fairy; she secretly comes to the village to peek, but unexpectedly is chased by hunters. The young woodcutter Liu Hai steps forward and shields the White Fox Fairy with his own body — run, run, run

The demon realm and the mortal world, the way of heaven and the bonds of love, the immortal realm and the mundane world — layer upon layer of conflict press down like great mountains, separating the two loving hearts again and again.

Tianmen fairy realm, a rare romance of the ages; a thousand-year white fox, ten thousand years of watching and waiting! Sorrow, joy, smiles, and tears converge into a love story that moves heaven and earth

Who has ever seen a fox shed tears

Who has ever seen a fox fairy so beautiful

Who is it that moves even heaven and earth

Who is it that makes the whole world ashamed

1. Production team:

Planning and chief director: Mei Shuaivuan, founder of China's live landscape performances. Chief producer of the series of live landscape performances including "Impression • Liu Sanjie," "Zen Shaolin • Music Ceremony

" "Jinggangshan," "Great Song • A Dream of Tokyo," "Heaven's Pride • Genghis Khan," and "Chinese Mount Tai • Fengshan Ceremony." Music art director: Tan Dun, the most influential Chinese composer in the world, winner of Grammy and Academy Award for original music. Composer: Zhang Xiao, young composer, one of the composers of "Impression • Liu Sanjie," and composer of "Jinggangshan" and "Great Song • A Dream of Tokyo."

Screenwriter: Zhang Rensheng, renowned playwright. Has repeatedly won the Five-One Project Award of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Wenhua Playwriting Award of the Ministry of Culture.

Executive director and choreographer: Min Rui, one of the executive directors of the Olympic opening and closing ceremonies.

Chief stage design: Yan Wenlong, renowned art designer, chief stage designer for large-scale events such as the opening ceremony of the Shanghai Special Olympics. Stage design for large-scale performances such as "Chinese Mount Tai Fengshan Ceremony" and "Interpreting Dujiangyan through Dao."

Lighting design: Wang Yugang, lighting designer for live landscape performances such as "Impression • Liu Sanjie" and "Great Song • A Dream of Tokyo."

Digital video content production: Beijing Crystal Digital Technology Co., Ltd., digital special effects production for the Olympic opening ceremony.

2. Project location and stage design:

"New • Liu Hai Chops Firewood" is located in the entire canyon from inside the entrance of the Tianmen Mountain Scenic Area to the top of Tianmen Mountain; the canyon is about 5 kilometers long, with an elevation difference of 1,100 meters. The main stage is built at the lower end of the canyon inside the mountain entrance, and the dozens of fantastic peaks and steep ridges on both sides of the entire canyon, as well as the Tianmen Cave suspended high in the air, all serve as the deep background of the main stage. The main performance stage blends with the canyon, fantastic peaks, forest, and streams and waterfalls, together forming a super-large stage several kilome

ters deep, with both its width and elevation difference exceeding a thousand meters.

The audience theater and main stage of this project cover a total area of 19,880 square meters, of which the panoramic stage is 10,000 square meters, designed in fiberglass-reinforced plastic, and through lighting effects can glow throughout, creating fantastical scenes. The entire performance area includes: the central stage, the mortal world on the left, the fox world on the right, the chorus platform at the front left, and the terraced fields and wooden bridge live scenery in the rear performance area — five performance zones in total.

The central stage is built above the stream valley; the fallen ancient tree floating on the trickling stream and the protruding stone bed form a naturally perfect live-action stage. In the mortal world on the left, numerous Tujia wooden houses serving as stage scenery are built along the mountain; the houses have black tiles, carved small windows, and wooden railings, exuding a simple and rustic air, forming a contiguous village settlement with Xiangxi characteristics. In the fox world on the right, fantastic rocks and mountain cliffs are built among the trees, interspersed with exotic flowers and rare plants, forming a wonderful and fantastical natural paradise for foxes. The song platform is placed in the air above a small hill, where more than 100 maidens dressed in traditional Tujia clothing with silver ornaments and silver bells sing in unison, giving an incomparably enchanting auditory enjoyment. The terraced fields and wooden bridge in the rear performance area present a thoroughly pastoral scene, echoing the village from afar. The entire stage is naturally formed, as if it had stood at the foot of the magical Tianmen Mountain for thousands of years, telling a legendary story.

3. Stage and stage design facilities:

The stage and stage design facilities of this project represent, among live landscape performances worldwide, the largest investment, the most complex and largest-scale stage machinery, and the greatest number and widest distribution of lighting facilities; in addition, the main stage is also the world's largest panoramic fiberglass-reinforced plastic stage (10,000 square meters

). Among the stage machinery facilities, especially the retractable flying bridge with a span of 60 meters and a height of 32 meters, is a large-scale stage machinery installation unmatched among performance projects worldwide. Number of lights: 1,100 large lights and 2,800 small and medium lights; the performance sound system uses specially customized American EAW outdoor rainproof and moisture-proof audio equipment, also the largest investment among domestic performance projects.

The entire show is divided into four acts,

Scene One: The Fox King Chooses His Consort

Scene Two: A Chance Encounter on the Immortal Mountain

Scene Three: The Whirlwind of Betrayal

Scene Four: A Thousand Years of Watching and Waiting

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Fourth: Baofeng Lake Flying Waterfall

Baofeng Flying Waterfall

About 40 meters up the mountainside to the left front of Baofeng Bridge, a stream of water comes flying down. It first plunges straight down, then spreads across the slope and sprinkles into the pool at the iron-chain bridge. Two pools lie one above the other, shimmering with light, reflecting emerald bamboo, red trees, and the figures of visitors, just like a painted palette. After touring Baofeng Lake, the calligrapher Shen Peng inscribed the four characters "Fei Liu Jie Feng" (Flying Stream Bounds the Peak), which were carved into the cliff above the flying waterfall's rock.

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Fifth: Tima Shenge Song and Dance Show

Introduction

Tima is a Tujia word, commonly known as Tulaosi, meaning "one who worships the gods." The Tujia people's annual "Tiaonian Baishou" god-worshiping sacrificial activity was always presided over by the Tima, and the hymns to the gods sung by the Tima during the sacrificial rites are called "Tima Shenge."

Related Information

The musical melody of Tima Shenge originates from the ox horn of the ancient Tujia tribe, and its length is vast, reaching tens of thousands of lines. As a massive artistic carrier integrating poetry, song, music, and dance, it expresses a wide range of historical and social life content, including the creation of the world, human reproduction, ethnic sacrifices, ethnic migration, hunting and farming, and daily life. When sung, Tima Shenge primarily uses the Tujia language, and in form, it is a combination of verse and prose, adopting a creative technique that combines romanticism and realism, with vivid imagery and strong literary quality. During performance, there is singing and chanting, antiphonal singing and choral singing; there are deep, melancholic ancient songs; there are also light, joyful pan songs; there are lyrical, mournful prayers, and there are also witty, humorous jokes. Tima Shenge is permeated throughout with song and dance.

Tima Shenge has distant origins, profound and broad; through narrating the Tujia people's origin, reproduction, wars, migrations, clearing wilderness and cutting grass, living and working in peace, and production and life, it touches on heaven and earth, all things in the human world, historical events, historical figures, and even the value of life and the philosophical world. It

profoundly contains many kinds of learning, including music, literature, the Tujia language, and folk customs, and can be called a treasure house of ancient Tujia culture. It is a glorious ethnic epic of the Tujia people; whoever cracks its deeply hidden "code" can explore the eternal mystery of Tujia history.

Tima Shenge and Baofeng Lake

The Baofeng Lake Scenic Area integrated resources from many sides and established Tima Shenge Culture Communication Co., Ltd., taking the Tima Shenge, which has been listed in the intangible cultural heritage protection list, as the creative subject of this song-and-dance program. They invited renowned Chinese musician Hou Dejian, famous writer Yu Hua, and other experts from "the two shores and three regions" to participate in the creation, integrating music, dance, literature, and other art forms to create a large-scale original ecological song-and-dance epic live performance in real landscape settings that tells of Tujia origins, evolution, wars, production and life, and other content.

Tima Shenge

Tima is commonly known as Tulaosi, meaning "one who worships the gods." The Tujia people's annual "Tiaonian Baishou" god-worshiping sacrificial activity was always presided over by the Tima, and the hymns to the gods sung by the Tima during the sacrificial rites are called [2] "Tima Shenge." To truly portray the mysterious history of the Xiangxi Tujia, several surviving Tima masters of Xiangxi, the 43rd-generation inheritor of Guigu Shenggong, Miao song queen Long Xian'e, who has held concerts in Europe and America many times, the Dong song choir that has reported performances in the Great Hall of the People four times, and a group of folk artists such as the Tujia Spider Man participated in the performance. Among the more than 200 performers and staff, the oldest is 96 and the youngest is 3; they are composed of original ecological performers and amateur performers from the Xiangxi region.

The Tima Shenge live performance introduced today's top-level sound, light, and electric equipment, and combined darkness, moonlight, misty rain, and other natural stage effects to complete the creation, forming three versions: the Night Version, Moonlight Version, and Misty Rain Version of Tima Shenge. The program is divided into four parts: "Mourning of the Gods," "Rhyme of the Gods," "Sorrow of the Gods," and "Heaven of the Gods." The entire live performance has profound cultural implications, strong historical penetration, and relatively strong artistic appeal.

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Sixth: Tianzi Mountain Yunqing Rock

Tianzi Mountain is named because Xiang Dakun, a Tujia leader and peasant uprising leader in the early Ming Dynasty, called himself "Xiang Wang Tianzi" (King Xiang, Son of Heaven). Tianzi Mountain borders Suoxiyu to the east, Zhangjiajie to the south, and Sangzhi County to the north, and is one of the four major scenic areas of Wulingyuan District.

Introduction to Tianzi Mountain

Tianzi Mountain is located at the highest point of the "Golden Triangle," with the highest elevation at 1262.5 meters (Kunlun Peak) and the lowest at 534 meters (Shilanyu). The total scenic area is 67 square kilometers, and the mountain-ring tour route is 45 kilometers. The average annual temperature is 12°C, annual rainfall is 1800 milliliters, the annual frost-free period is 240 days, and the annual freezing period is about 60 to 80 days. From the geological and geomorphological perspective of Tianzi Mountain, apart from a layer of limestone and a very small amount of turtle-vein stone above several hundred meters in elevation at the summit, most scenic spots are composed of quartz stone, belonging to sandstone peak-forest landforms, basically the same as Suoxiyu and Zhangjiajie. They are sedimentary rock (aqueous rock) gradually deposited from a vast ocean 380 million years ago, and later, through a complex and lengthy diagenetic process, formed the quartz sandstone with a total thickness of five to six hundred meters that we see today, creating various strangely shaped landscapes. The scenery of Tianzi Mountain can be summarized in one sentence: "primitive scenery, natural beauty." Its landscapes and scenic spots are all created by heaven and earth, with no traces of artificial carving. Here there are not only strange mountains and beautiful waters, but also simple folk customs, peculiar folkways, and uniquely flavored ethnic foods waiting for visitors. No wonder some people evaluate it by saying: "If one knows the face of Tianzi, on returning one need not look at other mountains," and "Without touring Tianzi Mountain, a trip to Wulingyuan is in vain."

The Tianzi Mountain area has beautiful scenery and many scenic spots. The scenery along this tour route is relatively concentrated, and it is known as "leaning on the railing to take in all the heavenly scenery."

The Tianzi Mountain cable car costs 52 yuan per person one way, 104 yuan per person round trip, with half-price discount tickets.

Hunan's only national top-100 international travel agency and Hunan five-star travel agency: Huatian International Travel Service. With an outstanding brand and high reputation, it is the ideal choice for receiving tourists.

Seventh: Golden Whip Stream:

Golden Whip Stream is located in Zhangjiajie and is named because it flows past Golden Whip Rock. Its total length is 5710 meters. The area along Golden Whip Stream is the most beautiful part of Wulingyuan scenery. After entering from the gate of Zhangjiajie Forest Park, walking forward about 300 meters brings you to the entrance of Golden Whip Stream. The main sights include Drunken Arhat, Divine Eagle Guarding the Whip, Golden Whip Rock, Huaguo Mountain, Water Curtain Cave, Cleaving the Mountain to Save the Mother, Meeting After a Thousand Miles, Nanmu Flat, and Water Winding Around Four Gates.

Golden Whip Stream - Scenic Spot Introduction

Golden Whip Stream is a beautiful naturally formed stream, named after Golden Whip Rock. The stream water winds from west to east, and even in long droughts it does not run dry. Approaching Golden Whip Stream, the eyes are filled with verdant green, even dyeing clothes a pale green. The stream murmurs, accompanied by birdsong; as you walk, you suddenly feel a coolness and only then notice a gentle breeze blowing, while waves of fragrance make you stop involuntarily to savor it carefully. In the clear, bottom-visible, spotless jade-green water, fish swim happily, and red, green, and white pebbles shine in the water. Sunlight filters through the forest gaps and casts mottled shadows on the water's surface, giving a sense of the tranquil, quiet beauty of nature.

Passing among sheer cliffs and strange peaks, the stream valley has lush vegetation, and the stream water is clear in all four seasons. It is called a "landscape gallery" and "fairyland on earth." A poem praises it: "Clear, clear flowing water, green, green mountains; mountains like painted screens, people like immortals. If immortals walk within the painting, at every step they gaze at another heaven." Along the way you will see song-request platforms, where Tujia girls are always ready to sing ethnic songs for visitors. As long as you pay ten yuan, they will sing loudly for you. Of course, if you

do not want to spend this money, you can also listen on the side to songs requested by others, and leave after listening.

Traveling through peaks, secluded valleys, and clouds, the stream water is bright and clean, full of varied cascades, with small fish swimming in it; by the stream flowers and grasses are fresh and beautiful, birds sing and orioles call. Walking along the clear stream is more like traveling within a painting.

Golden Whip Stream winds through deep ravines and secluded valleys. On both sides of the stream, thousands of peaks rise towering into the clouds, with dense trees and deep shade blocking the sun. Here the stream murmurs and glassy waterfalls fly; rare flowers and grasses and rare birds and animals flourish together, forming an extremely beautiful, quiet, and natural ecological environment. It is called "the most beautiful canyon in the world" and "the most poetic stream."

The Origin of Golden Whip Stream

"It does not stop flowing in long drought, and stays green after long rain"—this is a common saying among Zhangjiajie people praising Golden Whip Stream. Look, it is like a jade belt, stringing together fifteen li of mountain gorges; wherever it flows, flowers are fresh, grass is green, and trees are verdant. Even the Tujia young men and girls on both banks grow especially elegant and pretty, which people say is because the water is good.

But one year, the water of Golden Whip Stream changed, becoming neither red nor black, both stinking and dirty. People who drank it died, and livestock that drank it died. The flowers, grasses, and trees on both banks also fell ill.

By the stream, under an old ginkgo tree, there was a small thatched hut, and in the hut lived an old man named Ba, a lime burner famous far and near. One night, Old Man Ba scooped two ladles of muddy water and sat in the rock bathing tub behind the house wiping his body. Suddenly, a bright star drifted down from the sky and landed in the rock tub. Strange as it may sound, Old Man Ba became pregnant. After three times nine days, he gave birth to a little girl. Old Man Ba was terribly ashamed. As soon as the girl was born, she wanted to bathe in the rock tub, and she called out "Daddy" left and right, so affectionately. Old Man Ba was both happy and worried: happy because he had a family member, worried because he feared seeing outsiders. The girl understood her daddy's concerns and said, "Just say you picked me up in the mountains, all right?" Old Man Ba said, "That's fine, but our place is bitter—the stream water can't be drunk, the villagers have all moved away. Can you get used to living here?" Hearing this, the girl threw herself into her daddy's arms and cried! And so the girl and Old Man Ba stayed on. During the day, Daddy went into the mountains to burn lime, while the girl carried spring water back from Huaxi to cook rice, and also heated a pot of hot water for Daddy so he could wash off the lime when he returned.

One night, the girl went behind the kitchen to bathe, and Old Man Ba sat alone smoking a pipe in silence. As he smoked, he suddenly heard bursts of splashing water. Strange! Even if the girl was bathing, there should not be such a loud noise! He went over to look—oh no! In the bathing tub was a blue snake glittering with scales! Old Man Ba thought, this girl was strange from the start; most likely she is a blue dragon transformed. Who cares—snake or dragon, I said it before, I am still her father.

After a while, the girl came out, wearing a set of blue clothes. She sat down beside Old Man Ba and used a towel to dab the water from her hair. As she dabbed, she suddenly said to Old Man Ba: "Daddy, there is something I should tell you." Old Man Ba said, "I'm listening." The girl said: "Daddy, I am originally a dragon maiden of Wuling Lake. This Golden Whip Stream water was originally the immortal spring water of the dragon spring in Wuling Lake. Later, the Dragon King's black soft-shelled turtle did not obey the king's law and slipped into Golden Whip Stream, wanting to dominate Qingyan Mountain. It stayed at the source of Golden Whip Stream every day, defecating and urinating, and so fouled the stream water. The Dragon King wanted me to remove the harm, and also said you are a lime burner, and told me to ask you for help..." Old Man Ba quickly asked, "What can I help you with?" The girl said: "Have the villagers help make some paper fish, paper shrimp, and such, as many as possible. First stuff some lime inside them, then lead everyone, waving these fish and shrimp, knocking on wood, stones, ladles, basins, anything, to lure out the demon turtle. If the demon turtle eats these paper fish and paper shrimp, it definitely won't be able to stand it,

and then I will subdue it...

When the villagers heard that Old Man Ba's girl wanted to win back Golden Whip Stream, they were all very happy. Men and women, old and young, all set to work: some made paper fish and paper shrimp, some stuffed in lime. In just one night, everything was done. The next day, Ba Meizai led everyone to the source of Golden Whip Stream. She first told the crowd to throw the paper things into the spring cave, then told everyone to knock wooden sticks, ladles, basins, and such, with a clamor of yi-yi-ya-ya and ding-ding-cuo-cuo, waking the big demon turtle that was sleeping lazily. It rushed out of the cave and opened its mouth to swallow those paper fish and paper shrimp. As soon as it swallowed them, before it could taste anything, the lime water took effect. The demon turtle was burned by the lime water and screamed loudly, rolling in pain by the cave. At this moment, Ba Meizai turned into a blue dragon, slipped into the spring cave, seized the demon turtle and struck it. Instantly, a water column several zhang high burst from the spring cave, and for several li around it became misty and rainy. Old Man Ba knew his girl was fighting the demon turtle, so he led everyone to beat their instruments and shout with all their might to cheer her on. After a day and a night, a stream of foul blood burst from the spring cave, and then a flood rose. The blue dragon that Ba Meizai had become followed the flood away.

After three days and three nights, the flood receded, and the stream water became even clearer and sweeter. In an instant, the barren mountains turned green, flowers bloomed, green water reflected the blue sky, and the blue sky reflected the green mountains, like jade hairpins, pearls, and green silk scattered by a fairy—extremely beautiful. Qingyan Mountain became lively again, and visitors from all directions came again to tour the mountains and enjoy the scenery. An ancient poet traveled from Baizhang Gorge all the way to Golden Whip Stream, and could not help being intoxicated by these strange mountains and beautiful waters. He wrote a poem praising it: "People travel within mountain gorges, as if within a painting."

Golden Whip Stream - Main Scenic Spots

Among them, Golden Whip Rock rises abruptly more than 380 meters. The entire rock is composed of quartz sand and, under the sunlight, reflects brilliant golden light, giving this "stone whip" the modifier "golden." Beside Golden Whip Rock, a peak shaped like an eagle protecting its young stands awe-inspiring, guarding the "Golden Whip" day and night, and so it is called the Divine Eagle; this scenic area is named "Divine Eagle Guarding the Whip." A huge rock splits open from the middle and is named "Cleaving the Mountain to Save the Mother." This comes from an ancient legend: a child named Chenxiang, whose mother was pressed at the foot of the mountain for violating heavenly rules. To save his mother, little Chenxiang practiced hard, and in the end used a sharp axe to split the mountain peak and rescue his mother. "Huaguo Mountain" and "Water Curtain Cave" are the domain of the Monkey King Sun Wukong, long familiar to people from Journey to the West. In short, this stretch of scenery is like a paradise, and one cannot help lingering without wanting to leave. Water Winding Around Four Gates is where Golden Whip Stream, Kuangdong Stream, and Longwei Stream meet. The stream valley is broad, Yuyan Peak is strangely beautiful and charming, and the legend of Wansui Tablet is mysterious. Huaguo Mountain is located at the entrance of Golden Whip Stream. Here [1][2] the stream water is gentle, the riverbed relatively open, and a waterfall pours down slanting from the high mountain. The TV series Journey to the West used this place as the location for Huaguo Mountain.

Golden Whip Rock

It is another typical example among the thousands of grotesque peaks and rocks in Zhangjiajie. It rises abruptly from the mountains, with three sides steep as a cliff, angular and edged, glittering with golden light and majestic in momentum. It gets its name because it resembles the whip used in ancient weapons. Legend has it that when Qin Shi Huang was driving mountains to fill the sea and arrived here, he accidentally dropped the golden whip due to drunkenness, and it turned into a stone peak.

Cleaving the Mountain to Save the Mother

Ahead is a peak whose base is joined as one but whose top is split into two halves, as if cleaved apart by something. Coincidentally, beside it there is a small peak that looks very much like a giant axe. People call this scene "Cleaving the Mountain to Save the Mother." Legend says it was split by Chenxiang when saving his mother, but when he had split it halfway, someone told him, "Your mother is at Mount Hua." From a geological perspective, it was mainly formed by hard and soft alternating rock layers undergoing gravitational collapse and water erosion, split by the miraculous craftsmanship of nature.

The Scholar Hiding Books

Near Zicao Pool there are three connected stone peaks, and this one is even more interesting! In the distance, between two pointed peaks, there is a rock, and in front of the rock there is another horizontal stone. Look carefully, and you will feel that the rock seems like a thin, small scholar hiding a thick book in the valley. Its posture and appearance look almost alive.

Isn't this exactly "The Scholar Hiding Books"? Ha, nature is truly wonderful!

Golden Whip Rock is another typical example among the thousands of grotesque peaks and rocks in Zhangjiajie. It rises abruptly from the mountains, with three sides steep as a cliff, angular and edged, glittering with golden light and majestic in momentum. It gets its name because it resembles the whip used in ancient weapons. Legend has it that when Qin Shi Huang was driving mountains to fill the sea and arrived here, he accidentally dropped the golden whip due to drunkenness

and it fell, turning into a stone peak.

Zicao Pool is located at the confluence of Golden Whip Stream and Shadao Gully. The valley is made of purplish-red sandstone, and because flowing water has scoured it many times into a trough shape, it is called Zicao Pool. The pool water is so clear that the bottom is visible; strange peaks, green trees, and purple stones are reflected on the bottom of the pool, mottled and colorful, with shimmering water and swaying green shadows, extremely natural and harmonious. The small bridge over the pool is a complete natural giant stone.

Leaping Fish Pool

Located downstream from Zicao Pool. If Golden Whip Stream is compared to a peerless beauty, the two pools are her pair of moving eyes. Leaping Fish Pool is also a stone trough scoured out by the stream. The water pours into the pool, creating a drop. During spawning season, fish swim upstream and leap about wildly here, hence the name Leaping Fish Pool.

Wenxing Rock

By Golden Whip Stream there is a stone peak that looks very much like the head portrait of Lu Xun. Mr. Lu Xun was a giant star in the literary world, so people call it "Wenxing Rock." Lu Xun was China's greatest modern writer and thinker, and an unprecedented national hero. The poet Zang Kejia wrote a poem commemorating Mr. Lu Xun called "Some People," whose opening lines are: Some people are alive, but they are already dead; some people are dead, but they still live. Mr. Lu Xun has always lived in the hearts of the Chinese people, and also lives beside Golden Whip Stream in Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China. Some people say it looks very much like Gorky. Whether it is Lu Xun or Gorky, either way they are giant stars of world literature.

Two Turtles Exploring the Stream

About halfway along Golden Whip Stream, you suddenly see two stones stacked together on top of a strange peak. Look carefully, and they closely resemble two turtles lying together, the upper one larger and the lower one slightly smaller. It is said that they were divine turtles that came specially from the East Sea to guard Golden Whip Stream. Because the water level of Golden Whip Stream dropped, they were stranded on top of the stone peak, and over time turned into stone. It happens that both have their heads facing the waters of Golden Whip Stream, so visitors gave them a good name: Two Turtles Exploring the Stream.

Zhang Liang's Tomb

Located on an isolated platform below Bailiu Rock at Shuirao Simen. This is one of the important cultural landscapes of Zhangjiajie. Legend has it that after the foundation of the Western Han dynasty was established, Zhang Liang, the Marquis of Liu of Han, went into hiding in Wulingyuan and was buried here.

The area along Golden Whip Stream is the most beautiful part of Wulingyuan scenery. After entering from the gate of Zhangjiajie Forest Park, walk forward about 300 meters and you reach the entrance of Golden Whip Stream. The entire stream is 5.7 kilometers long, winding through peaks, secluded valleys, and clouds. The stream water is clear and bright, with varied cascades, and small fish swim within it. Along the banks, flowers and plants are fresh and lovely, birds sing and orioles call. Walking along the clear stream is better than traveling through a painting.

Meeting After a Thousand Miles

Going east downstream from Zicao Pool along the stream, after rounding a mountain bend, among the scattered peaks southeast of the stream, two peaks stand facing each other, just like a long-separated husband and wife gazing tenderly at each other. The husband is tall and sturdy, wearing a helmet and armor, with a long sword at his waist; he seems to have returned from afar, slightly bowing at the waist and tilting his head down, comforting his wife. The wife has a well-proportioned figure, full and graceful, with long hair and rich charm. Her left hand holds her husband's waist, and her face is slightly raised. The two gaze tenderly and lean closely together as if whispering, pouring out their feelings of separation. They truly look like a long-separated couple meeting after a thousand miles.

Natural Ecology of Golden Whip Stream

The Jinbianxi area is mainly covered with evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests, with the main tree species being nanmu. There are 16 species of nanmu in Zhangjiajie, such as Xiangnan, Lichuan Runan, Hongye Zhinan, Guangye Shinan, Hupi Nan, Rongmao Shinan, Chinan, Daye Nan, Hudie Nan, Zhuye Nan, etc., among which Xiangnan is the most precious. Zhangjiajie also has a peculiar nanmu. One year, Liu Kailin, the director of the forest farm, harvested a nanmu tree, sawed it into boards to make boxes, but unexpectedly found very peculiar patterns on the boards: there were mountain peaks, flowing water, small grass, flowers, the sun, the moon, flying birds, and running beasts. Some people say that these pictographic patterns were formed by the long-term effects of the surrounding environment, so it is called 'Yinghua Nan'. As early as the Han Dynasty, the nanmu in Zhangjiajie began to be harvested by the imperial court; in the Ming Dynasty, it was designated as a tribute. During the Zhengde reign of the Han dynasty (1515-1520), the Maogang Qin clan tusi successively presented over four hundred large nanmu logs to the imperial court to rebuild palaces that had been destroyed by fire. Because of this, the tusi king was promoted by the emperor, and the Qin clan was granted a lineage name by the emperor, known in history as the 'Qin clan imperial lineage name.'

In Golden Whip Stream there is a kind of "baby fish," which is the largest amphibian species in the world today and a national second-class protected animal. The scientific name of the baby fish is giant salamander. It is found only in China, Japan, and the United States. Because its cry sounds like a child crying, it is called "baby fish." Sangzhi County in Zhangjiajie City is the famous "Hometown of Baby Fish." The state has invested more than 10 million yuan in Baofeng Lake to build a giant salamander rescue center.

Transportation

After entering from the gate of Zhangjiajie Forest Park, walk forward about 300 meters and you reach the entrance of Golden Whip Stream.

Reminder

It is best to enter the mountains after rain has cleared, when the water of Golden Whip Stream rises high and the scenery is especially beautiful. The wooded area along Golden Whip Stream is dense and the chill is striking, so it is best to bring an extra piece of clothing; better to walk until warm and then take it off.

Golden Whip Stream Visitor Information

Golden Whip Stream is also called Golden Whip Grand Canyon. "People walk in the canyon, mountains pass by on both sides." Both sides of the canyon are absolutely beautiful scenery.

The area along Golden Whip Stream is the most beautiful part of Wulingyuan scenery. After entering from the gate of Zhangjiajie Forest Park, walk forward about 300 meters and you reach the entrance of Golden Whip Stream. Inside the canyon it is all walking. From the entrance to the exit, the entire stream is 5.7 kilometers long and generally takes 2.5 hours to tour, so before touring you need to prepare rain gear in advance and bring a jacket in case the weather changes suddenly.

The two ends are respectively: Zhangjiajie Forest Park Ticket Station and Shuirao Simen (that is, the lower station of Bailong Elevator). After touring Golden Whip Stream, it is advisable to arrange to rest at the ticket station before leaving.

Golden Whip Stream winds through peaks, secluded valleys, and clouds. The stream water is clear and bright, with varied cascades, and small fish swim within it. Along the banks, flowers and plants are fresh and lovely, birds sing and orioles call. Walking along the clear stream is better than traveling through a painting.

Hunan's only national top-100 international travel agency and Hunan five-star travel agency: Huatian International Travel Service. With an outstanding brand and high reputation, it is the ideal choice for receiving tourists.

Eighth: Ten-Mile Gallery

Ten-Mile Gallery is located in the Longtan Donggou Grand Canyon south of the Nanhe River in Gucheng, starting from Longtan Village in the north and reaching Wanxing Village in the south, with a total length of 28 li. The canyon winds and twists, sometimes wide and sometimes narrow, but the valley floor is flat. The deep valley stretches forward like an alluring gallery. In Donggou Grand Canyon, the mountains are steep, the canyon is deep and secluded, strange peaks and rocks jut out, and beautiful forests and tall bamboo fill the ravine. Ming and Qing dynasty dwellings, stone tombstones, stone caves, ancient mountain strongholds, Wulong Mountain Tianchi Palace, and Yunxiao Cave—within Ten-Mile Gallery, scenery can be found at every step and paintings everywhere.

Introduction

Scenic spot name: Ten-Mile Gallery

Located scenic area: Suoxiyu Nature Reserve

Ten-Mile Gallery is 5 kilometers long. On both sides of the canyon, trees and woods are lush and wild flowers are fragrant; strange peaks and rocks in a thousand postures resemble a huge landscape scroll hanging side by side on cliffs thousands of feet high, blending the exquisitely beautiful natural wonders into the ink paintings of immortal masters and painters. Entering Ten-Mile Gallery, along the way there are scenic spots such as Zhuange Tower, Longevity Star Welcoming Guests, Herb-Gathering Old Man, Husband and Wife Holding Child, and Three Sisters Peak.

Located in the Suoxiyu Scenic Area, it is the tourism essence within that scenic area. On both sides of this valley more than ten li long, there are rich natural landscapes, and walking among them is like being in a painting. Beside the gully, dark green peaks stand like a screen, and the rocks on the mountains have formed more than 200 stone scenery shapes resembling people, objects, birds, and beasts, among which "Peacock Displaying Its Tail," "Herb-Gathering Old Man," "Longevity Star Welcoming Guests," and "Fierce Tiger Roaring at the Sky" are the most famous.

In the animated series "Hongmao and Lantu: The Legend of the Seven Heroes," this is the residence of Dada, the master of the Whirlwind Sword.

Ten-Mile Gallery has clear mountains and waters, abundant flowers like brocade, and a hundred birds competing in song. The scenery within has peculiar shapes: quartz sandstone peak forests resembling people, gods, immortals, forests, birds, and beasts appear and disappear in the clouds and mist, changing in ten thousand ways.

As early as the Ming Dynasty, people wrote lines such as "Traveling among the mountain gorges is like being within a painting." Nature, the master sculptor, with its uncanny workmanship, has created rare treasures in Ten-Mile Gallery. It is a world of art, a world of fairy tales, and a world of mystery, astounding visitors from home and abroad.

Scenic Spots

Ten-Mile Gallery is about five kilometers long, with lush trees and fragrant wildflowers on both sides; grotesque peaks and bizarre rocks in a thousand shapes and forms resemble huge landscape scrolls hung side by side on cliffs thousands of feet high, merging the exquisitely beautiful natural wonders into the ink-and-wash paintings of master artists. Entering Ten-Mile Gallery, along the way there are ten main scenic spots, including Zhuan Ge Lou (Revolving Pavilion), Shou Xing Ying Bin (Longevity Star Greeting Guests), Cai Yao Lao Ren (Herb-Gathering Old Man), and Liang Mian Zhong (Two-Faced Bell).

Zhuan Ge Lou (Revolving Pavilion)

It is a stone peak rising straight from the ground, with a hollow "window" at the top. From afar, the whole stone peak looks like a multi-tiered pagoda; up close, it resembles a revolving pavilion. A narrow winding path spirals upward, leading directly to the top. The lower level of the Revolving Pavilion has rocks forming a circular corridor, where one can stand within the stone corridor with graceful peaks nestled around. On one side of the stone pavilion, there is another stone chamber attached, spacious enough to hold a hundred people, forming a master-and-servant pair with the pavilion, adding charm to each other. About 30 meters into Ten-Mile Gallery, there is a stone peak that stands facing you just like an old longevity star, with clearly defined facial features, short hair and long eyebrows, deep-set eyes, and a beaming smile. His left hand is raised high, as if beckoning visitors from afar. The Longevity Star is remarkable in both form and spirit, truly a wonder. Longevity Star Greeting Guests: When sightseeing in Ten-Mile Gallery, the first scenic spot is "Longevity Star Greeting Guests." That stone peak, resembling an old longevity star, looks like an elderly man beckoning and smiling warmly, waiting to welcome visitors!

Cai Yao Lao Ren (Herb-Gathering Old Man)

Not far from "Longevity Star Greeting Guests," there is a stone peak about 100 meters high standing sideways, vividly resembling a hunched old man wearing a square headscarf and a long gown, carrying a basket full of herbs on his back. In the basket, a smooth, jade-like tree grows at an angle, like a reversed herb hoe. His eyes gaze intently at the opposite mountain, as if deep in thought, and also seeming to show pleasant surprise, as if he has suddenly discovered a miraculous herb—truly a "King of Medicine" Sun Simiao. The Old Man Rock is one of the famous sights of Ten-Mile Gallery. Looking westward from the gallery, there are two peaks running north-south, descending from high to low. From afar, they look just like a fierce tiger with its head raised high, roaring at the sky. This is the famous sight of Ten-Mile Gallery, the Roaring Tiger at Heaven. The Brocade Rat Watching the Sky crouches diagonally opposite the Roaring Tiger at Heaven peak, and its peak resembles a brocade rat. "Brocade" refers to its emerald-green body. One can see the rat with round, staring eyes and upright ears, gazing at the blue sky for billions of years without change.

Fairy Worshipping Guanyin

After seeing the "Herb-Gathering Old Man" scene, walk about another 100 meters, and on the right-side peak there is another beautiful sight—Fairy Worshipping Guanyin.

Xiang Wang Guan Shu (King Xiang Reading)

In the canyon of Ten-Mile Gallery, there is a stone peak split into two, with the left peak larger and the right peak smaller, particularly resembling a person holding a book and reading with great relish. This is how Xiang Dakun, the leader of the Tujia uprising, looked when reading military books here. Local people call this stone peak the incarnation of King Xiang Tianzi, so this scenic spot is named "Xiang Wang Guan Shu" (King Xiang Reading).

At the end of Ten-Mile Gallery. Here the rocks are jagged and the trees lush, and often groups of monkeys, in threes and fives or hundreds and thousands, gather here, hence the name Monkey Slope. When visitors come here, whether among the trees or on the ancient mountain paths, they often see groups of monkeys climbing and playing on the cliffs, some blindly leaping among vines, some sitting alone on rocks scratching their ears and cheeks. This makes visitors beam with joy and find endless delight.

Looking across from South Heaven Gate, one can see three slender stone peaks shaped like beautiful women, gracefully standing, hence the name "Three Women Peaks." The third peak is especially wonderful: on the chest of the stone peak there is a nipple-like hole about 1 meter in diameter, through which one can glimpse the sky beyond the mountain. It looks both like a bright mirror hanging on the stone wall and like a crystal-clear jade ornament worn by a young girl.

After passing South Heaven Gate and continuing up the mountain for about 200 meters, there is a fork in the road called Moon Pass. To the right is the Shijiayan Scenic Area of Tianzi Mountain, and sloping upward to the right leads to Heaven Platform. Heaven Platform is 1,020 meters above sea level and has two viewing platforms, east and west. The East Platform is a suspended huge rock, surrounded by mixed trees and ancient pines hanging upside down, an ideal place to watch the sunrise. The West Platform offers the best view overlooking the West Sea; in the deep and unfathomable canyon, thousands of peaks stand tall, draped in green, with the beautiful scenery fully taking in the view.

Travel Guide

The Ten-Mile Gallery sightseeing train is the electric shuttle transport of the Zhangjiajie Ten-Mile Gallery Scenic Area, allowing visitors to better enjoy the beautiful scenery of Zhangjiajie Ten-Mile Gallery, and is also a major feature of Ten-Mile Gallery.

Ten-Mile Gallery sightseeing train ticket prices: one-way 30 yuan/person, round-trip 40 yuan/person. Discounted ticket prices for one-way and round-trip have been adjusted from the current 14 yuan and 19 yuan per person to 18 yuan and 24 yuan.

Discount policy provisions: According to relevant documents, the ticket price for the Ten-Mile Gallery sightseeing tram is free for children under 1.2 meters tall; discounts for minors between 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters tall; discounts for students under 24 years old with student ID; discounts for disabled persons meeting the "Practical Assessment Standards for Disabled Persons," elderly people over 60 years old, active-duty military personnel, direct family members of martyrs, and persons holding the "Urban and Rural Residents Minimum Living Guarantee Certificate" issued by civil affairs departments, upon presenting valid certificates; in addition, reductions or exemptions may be offered on specific dates for specific groups (such as teachers on Teachers' Day, military personnel on Army Day, etc.).

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Ninth: Wang Qiao Tai (Bridge-Viewing Platform) of the World's No. 1 Bridge

At the right side of the end of Shadao Gully, on the southern edge of the left side of Yuanjiajie, a natural stone bridge spans across the tops of two huge stone peaks, about 4 meters thick, more than 2 meters wide, with a span of about 50 meters and a relative height of more than 400 meters. On the stone peaks at both ends of the bridge surface, green trees cluster lushly, while the cliff walls are as if split by an axe, with no grass or trees growing. Standing by the bridge and looking down, through sparse leaves, one sees surging clouds and steaming mist, deep and unfathomable. Walking across the bridge from the north end, the narrowest part is only tens of centimeters, making one's heart tremble and stop. Going around the deep valley and standing on the bridge-viewing platform more than 40 meters away, the full view of the bridge comes into sight, the bridge body majestic and magnificent.

That is the "World's No. 1 Bridge." You see, two mountain peaks are connected by a long corridor, forming a natural bridge opening, usually swallowing clouds and spitting mist, with a spectacular and majestic momentum. The bridge surface is about two meters wide and more than 20 meters long, with an absolute height of 350 meters. On the bridge, green pines stand tall; by the bridge, ancient vines hang down; below the bridge, it is unfathomably deep. Viewed from afar, the bridge is shrouded in clouds and mist, its body faintly visible, like a reflection in water. Walking on the bridge, one sees steaming mist and hears the whistling of pine waves; the stone bridge seems to tremble and sway, making one's heart thrill with fear. This is a unique wonder of Zhangjiajie scenery and a miracle of nature.

The formation of the World's No. 1 Bridge can be traced back to more than 380 million years ago. The formation of Zhangjiajie's sandstone peak forest landform took place over the long geological time since the Late Tertiary, due to the slow, intermittent uplift of the Earth's crust and long-term erosion and cutting by flowing water. Its development and evolution went through six main stages: platform, square mountain, peak wall, peak cluster, peak forest, and residual forest. The formation of the World's No. 1 Bridge occurred at the peak wall stage.

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Tenth: Qiankun Pillar (once renamed: Hallelujah Mountain)

On January 25, 2009, Zhangjiajie's South Heaven Pillar was renamed Hallelujah Mountain from the movie "Avatar." It is understood that a large number of prototypes in the "Pandora" planet in the film "Avatar" came from the mountains of Zhangjiajie, among which the image of "South Heaven Pillar" became the prototype of "Hallelujah Mountain," namely the floating mountain.

Introduction to the Film's Place Names

In the film "Avatar," these giant rocks floating in the air are called "Hallelujah Mountain" by Earthlings (also called Montas Volans), and are a major wonder of Pandora.

These giant rocks contain a precious mineral: Unobtanium. Unobtanium is a rare room-temperature superconductor with a peculiar magnetic field. Under the action of Pandora's magnetic field, this spectacular scene of giant floating rocks is produced. The tops of these giant rock islands are relatively flat, while the surroundings are extremely steep; rivers pour down from the cliffs to form waterfalls suspended in the air. They float in the magnetic field, just like icebergs drifting in the ocean, and may also collide with each other. The indigenous "Na'vi" people of Pandora call these island clusters "Thundering Rocks" and regard them as an inviolable sacred realm. However, Earthlings came to Pandora precisely to mine the Unobtanium in these giant rocks, in order to solve Earth's energy crisis.

The Prototype of Hallelujah Mountain

On January 25, 2009, Zhangjiajie's "South Heaven Pillar" (also known as Qiankun Pillar) was officially renamed "Hallelujah Mountain" from "Avatar." On that day, hundreds of indigenous residents and tourists from home and abroad witnessed the renaming ceremony.

"South Heaven Pillar" is one of Zhangjiajie's "Three Thousand Strange Peaks," located at the southern end of the Yuanjiajie Scenic Area in the World Natural Heritage Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area. It has an altitude of 1,074 meters and a vertical height of about 150 meters. Its top is lush with vegetation, and its peak body is peculiarly shaped, with obvious vertical jointing cuts, standing majestically in Zhangjiajie as if split by a knife and axe, with a momentum of indomitable spirit, hence also called Qiankun Pillar. Zhangjiajie South Heaven Pillar: In December 2008, Hollywood photographer Hansen conducted a four-day location shoot in Zhangjiajie, and a large number of landscape photos later became prototypes for various elements of the "Pandora" planet in the American sci-fi blockbuster "Avatar," among which the image of "South Heaven Pillar" became the prototype of "Hallelujah Mountain," namely the floating mountain. After "Avatar" became a hit worldwide, hundreds of millions of viewers at home and abroad were even more fascinated by Zhangjiajie, the prototype location of "Hallelujah Mountain."

Evaluations from Various Parties

Tourism knows no borders, and films have no barriers. Regarding this renaming, opinions vary. Some netizens believe there is no need for Zhangjiajie to change its name because of a movie, while others feel that only after the name change can it be more proven that the prototype location of the floating mountain in "Avatar" is in Zhangjiajie; otherwise, what would prove it?

Song Zhiguang, director of the Yuanjiajie Scenic Area Management Committee, expressed his view that day: renaming "South Heaven Pillar" to "Hallelujah Mountain" from "Avatar" is absolutely not "worshipping foreign things," but simply follows the wishes of the scenic area's indigenous residents and the vast number of tourists. He also stated that Zhangjiajie is a World Natural Heritage site, and its magical scenery belongs not only to China but also to the whole world. Now renaming "South Heaven Pillar" to "Hallelujah Mountain" from "Avatar" is to convey an important message to the outside world: Zhangjiajie not only belongs to the world, but has also already moved toward the world.

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Fenghuang Ancient Town Travel http://fh.okzjj.com

Zhangjiajie Travel Routes http://www.okzjj.com/line/

Zhangjiajie Travel Hotel Booking http://www.okzjj.com/hotel/

Zhangjiajie Travel Scenery Photos http://www.okzjj.com/photo/

Zhangjiajie Scenic Area Attractions Introduction http://www.okzjj.com/scenic/

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